What is diabetes? How can it be controlled?

Diabetes is characterized by reduced insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells and/or reduces sensitivity to insulin. Diabetes causes abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and fat and if left untreated can be life threatening. This is most particular concern since the symptoms of diabetes are not always evident in the early stages.

People with diabetes are at greater risk for numerous health problems, including kidney failure nerve disorders, eye problems and heart disease and are two to four times as likely to develop cardiovascular disease

There are two main types of diabetes Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 1

This type of diabetes is caused by destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, which leads to little or no insulin secretion.

Typical symptoms are excessive thirst and hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision and recurrent infections.

To Control type 1 diabetes, glucose regulation is achieved through regular glucose assessment, proper diet, exercises and appropriate insulin medication

Type 2

This type of diabetes is the most common form of diabetes affecting 90% of all diabetic patients. It typically occurs in adults who are overweight and is characterized by a reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells to available insulin called insulin resistance.

Some people with type 2 diabetes never show signs of any of the classic symptoms of diabetes.

Control of type 2 diabetes is achieved through lifestyle changes centered around proper diet, weight management, exercise and medications(insulin or oral agents needed).

A combined diet and exercise regimen results in weight loss and weight control, improved circulation and cardiorespiratory fitness, reduces need for insulin, improves self image and a better ability to deal with stress.   

Long term regulation of blood glucose levels is necessary to effectively control diabetes.

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